面向智能开采的矿井水灾智能化防控关键技术

Key technologies of intelligent prevention and control of mine water hazard for intelligent mining

  • 摘要: 随着煤炭行业智能化开采的快速发展,传统煤矿水灾防治技术因效率低、精度不足等问题,难以满足复杂地质条件下的精准防控需求。为此,提出了面向智能开采的矿井水灾智能化防控关键技术,构建了数据感知−模型构建−动态评价−综合治理−应急防控全流程闭环管理系统,显著提升了水灾防治的主动性与可靠性。首先,通过“长掘长探”智能物探、随采地震动态探测以及“井−地−孔”联合电法、微震、水文监测等多源全空间多物理场耦合监测网络,提升了异常体边界识别精度,结合实时数据处理与动态成像,实现工作面前方导水构造的精准探查;其次,基于智能化探测与监测成果,提出了多属性高精度建模技术,融合钻孔、地震及随钻数据,基于矿井区域地层沉积相分析,结合分段式激光雷达扫描与全局标定算法、隐式迭代插值算法与TIN-GTP网格建模技术,通过参数化建模技术映射含水层、陷落柱等致灾要素,构建了厘米级精度的三维巷道模型和多属性综合水文地质模型,支撑矿井水灾风险的空间关联分析,实现了静态地质模型的动态更新与透明化;再次,基于矿井综合水文地质模型中含(隔)水层及其顶底板厚度、标高等属性信息及水文动态监测数据,采用LSTM-GCN混合网络与贝叶斯模型,利用时空信息关联耦合算法,智能评价水灾风险,实现了矿井涌水量水源判识和涌水量的实时预测,并通过风险热力图实时分析,构建了水灾风险动态评价系统;然后,开发了基于三维地质模型的钻孔轨迹智能设计算法、基于AI视频的探放水钻杆智能识别算法以及自然语言的报告模板化生成算法,研发了水文地质信息数字化动态管理系统和致灾水体智控疏放与智能注浆系统,通过三维轨迹与煤层结构的空间叠合分析、多目标优化模型与自适应调控算法,实现了钻孔轨迹智能生成及集成自主施工、远程监控与轨迹优化、设计报告台账的自动化动态更新,提升了水灾隐患治理工程施工效率;最后,基于矿井工程地质、水文地质数据同步映射驱动信息更新,并结合人员定位、巷道模型动态模拟突水蔓延过程,采用防治水治理工程地质信息和水文地质信息双重实时解析反馈机制,利用多约束路径动态优化算法,实现灾情推演与救援方案的快速生成。未来,研究将聚焦物联网智能集控平台与全流程综合智能系统,推动矿井水灾防控向“感知−分析−决策”自主化方向演进,为煤矿安全生产与智能化建设提供核心支撑。

     

    Abstract: With the rapid advancement of intelligent mining in the coal industry, traditional water hazard prevention technologies have proven inadequate due to low efficiency and insufficient precision, failing to meet the precise control requirements under complex geological conditions. To address these challenges, an intelligent water hazard prevention system for intelligent mining was proposed. The proposed framework establishes a closed-loop management system covering the entire process from data perception, model construction, dynamic evaluation, integrated governance to emergency response, significantly enhancing both proactive measures and reliability in water hazard prevention. Firstly, through intelligent geophysical exploration (including “long-digging and long-probing”technology), dynamic seismic detection during drilling, and a multi-source monitoring network integrating electrical, microseismic, and hydrological parameters across the “well-ground-hole” triad, the accuracy of anomaly boundary identification was significantly improved. Combined with real-time data processing and dynamic imaging, this enables precise detection of water-conducting structures ahead of working faces. Secondly, leveraging intelligent exploration and monitoring achievements, multi-attribute high-precision modeling technology was developed. By integrating borehole data, seismic information, and real-time drilling data, combined with regional stratigraphic analysis, segmented LiDAR scanning, global calibration algorithms, implicit iterative interpolation algorithms, and TIN-GTP grid modeling techniques, critical hazards like aquifers and collapse columns through parametric modeling was mapped. This resulted in centimeter-level 3D roadway models and comprehensive multi-attribute hydrogeological models, supporting spatial correlation analysis of water hazard risks and enabling dynamic updates to static geological models with transparency. Thirdly, utilizing attribute information such as water-bearing/intermediate layers thickness, elevation, and hydrological monitoring data from the integrated mine hydrogeological model, we employed LSTM-GCN hybrid networks and Bayesian models. Through spatiotemporal information coupling algorithms, we evaluated flood risk assessment, achieved real-time prediction of mine water inflow sources, and conducted dynamic risk analysis via thermal maps of mine roof and floor water hazards.A dynamic evaluation system for mine water hazard risks was established . Subsequently, three innovative algorithms: a 3D geological model-based intelligent drilling trajectory design algorithm, an AI-powered video-driven intelligent identification algorithm for water probing and drainage drill rods, and a natural language report template generation algorithm were developed. A digital hydrogeological information management system and a smart control system for disaster-causing water discharge and grouting were also established. Through spatial overlay analysis of 3D trajectories with coal seam structures, multi-objective optimization models, and adaptive control algorithms, integrated autonomous drilling trajectory generation, remote monitoring and trajectory optimization was achieved, as well as automated dynamic updates of design reports. The efficiency of water hazard prevention and control engineering was significantly improved. Finally, by implementing a dual real-time analysis feedback mechanism for geological and hydrogeological data in water hazard management projects, information updates drived by synchronizeing mining engineering geology and hydrogeological data. Combining personnel positioning with dynamic tunnel model simulations of water surge propagation, a multi-constraint path dynamic optimization algorithm to rapidly generate disaster scenario simulations and rescue plans was utilized . Future research will focus on intelligent control platform for Internet of Things and comprehensive smart systems, advancing water hazard prevention toward autonomous “sensing-analysis-decision” processes to provide core support for coal mine safety production and intelligent construction.

     

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