Abstract: The presence of geological anomalies such as faults, collapse columns, and thin coal seams in coal seam working faces severely constrains safe production, making it necessary to detect their internal structures in advance. Seismic in-seam wave exploration technology is widely applied to internal structural imaging of working faces with high resolution capabilities, but the application of explosive sources is restricted in certain scenarios, necessitating the development of working face internal structure imaging technology independent of explosive sources. Compared with active source exploration techniques, ambient noise-based imaging technology has significant advantages in structural detection as it does not require active source excitation. At Huaning Coal Mine, ambient noise surface wave tomography is applied to structural detection in coal mine working faces, whereby vibration signals generated by underground machinery and mining activities are utilized and waveform data are selected using diffuse wavefield indices prior to cross-correlation functions calculation; as a result, interference from non-stationary phase zone noise sources is suppressed and reliable surface wave dispersion data are obtained. Based on this, the one-step surface wave imaging technique is employed to directly invert three-dimensional velocity structure from dispersion data, successfully obtaining the internal velocity structure of the working face and delineating the positions of internal anomalous structures. The velocity imaging results show significant correspondence with geological anomalies revealed during actual mining, validating the feasibility and effectiveness of ambient noise tomography method in working face structural detection. The proposed diffuse wavefield selection technique and one-step surface wave imaging workflow provide new technical approaches for geological structural detection in underground coal mines. This method requires no active sources and offers green detection advantages, providing technical support for safe and efficient mining operations in working faces.