Abstract: The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has emphasized advancing the energy revolution, promoting the clean and efficient utilization of coal, and accelerating the development of a new energy system. As the upstream and fundamental process for clean and efficient coal utilization, coal preparation represents a critical component in establishing a new energy system. Driven by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the demand for clean and efficient coal utilization has continued to increase. Key equipment represented by intelligent optical sorting systems, advanced heavy medium cyclones, and turbulence-static microbubble flotation machines has achieved significant breakthroughs in large-scale and high-efficiency operation, as well as unit-level intelligent control in ten-million-ton-per-year coal preparation plants, promoting the development of China’s coal preparation industry toward scale modernization, efficiency modernization, and quality modernization. However, facing the vigorous development of the new energy revolution and the wave of artificial intelligence, the existing coal preparation system is in urgent need of systematic reconstruction and transformation. Significant systemic shortcomings still persist in areas such as future-oriented new principal exploration, the R&D of common key technologies and equipment, and the full-process intelligent coal preparation process integration and process collaborative control for larger-scale, higher-efficiency, and higher-quality development. Therefore, it is imperative to tackle the major cutting-edge basic and common key technologies in coal preparation, including the digital-intelligence large model for gravity separation fluidized beds, embodied intelligent robots, high-purity coal separation, conversion of coal-based new energy materials, collaborative development of coal-associated strategic minerals, and fractional processing and cascaded high-value utilization of coal-based solid wastes, and to establish a complete modern coal preparation system characterized by integrated process optimization as the core, coordinated regulation of upstream and downstream equipment as the link, and green, intelligent, and efficient full-process operation as the objective, thereby providing a stable and reliable supply of clean coal fuel and high-quality raw materials to support Chinese modernization.