Abstract: The combined environment of high concentrations of ultrafine particulate matters (PM) and various harmful gases under the mine has a serious negative impact on the long-term health of workers. Ultrafine PM can be directly inhaled into the bronchi, lungs, or even the circulatory system, causing irreversible harm; Long-term exposure to harmful gases not only impairs decision-making abilities of workers, but also poses risks of chronic bronchitis, lung function damage, acidosis, and even carcinogenesis. However, traditional protective materials are insufficient to meet the practical demands for efficient, integrated dust and harmful gas protection in complex mining environments due to their limited functionality and lack of synergistic protective capabilities. There is an urgent need to develop new materials with multi-functional protective capabilities. Hence, a fiber filter membrane that combines long-term PM_0.3 filtration with harmful gas adsorption performance is prepared. It proposes regulating the conformation of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) chains and inducing scaffold fiber formation through an external high-voltage electric field. Meanwhile, a surface-induced engineering strategy is proposed to in-situ assemble metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) crystals (Amine-ZIF8) on the PLA scaffold fiber surfaces, resulting in AZ-PLA fiber membranes. Finally, an external electric field is applied to polarize the fiber membrane, enhancing the electrostatic capture capability. By controlling the in-situ assembly time, the relationship between the microstructural properties, PM filtration performance, and harmful gas adsorption performance of the AZ-PLA fiber membrane is investigated. Microstructural characterization and performance testing results indicate that the Amine-ZIF8 crystals exhibit an intact structure, with an average particle size of 420 nm, a specific surface area of 594.65 m²/g and total pore volume of 0.31 cm³/g, exhibiting distinct microporous characteristics and uniform distribution on the PLA scaffold fiber surface. Benefiting from the rich microporous structure and high specific surface area of Amine-ZIF8, the AZ-PLA fiber membrane exhibits adsorption capacities of 38.18 cm³/g and 165.85 cm³/g for CO₂ and SO₂, respectively, at 100 kPa and 273.15 K, which were significantly higher than that for N₂ (2.30 cm³/g), demonstrating excellent selective adsorption. Additionally, electrostatic polarization significantly enhances the polarization capability of the AZ-PLA fiber membrane, yielding a surface electrostatic potential of 6.84 kV and a dielectric constant of 2.45. The AZ-PLA fiber membrane achieved PM_0.3 filtration efficiencies of 98.07% and 95.38% at flow rates of 32 and 85 L/min, respectively, with efficiency increases of 7.72% and 7.80%. Therefore, the constructed integrated protective nanofiber membrane holds broad application prospects in protecting against coupled pollution environments characterized by high dust and multiple harmful gases.