Abstract: Mechanical refrigeration for mine cooling is currently the most effective and widely used heat hazard control method. However, the cooling load of mine is remarkably huge, and the condensation heat discharge is significantly high. At present, it is difficult to achieve low energy consumption and large-scale condensation heat discharge with methods such as mine drainage and return air. To achieve the efficient in-situ utilization of condensation heat of mechanical refrigeration system, membrane distillation for the treatment of highly mineralized mine water was considered, and a combined system for underground in-situ cooling and mine water membrane distillation driven by heat pump was designed. Based on the first law of thermodynamics and the theory of heat and mass transfer, the mathematical models of the heat pump system and the membrane distillation system were established, the calculation program was written, and the accuracy of the model was verified by comparison with experiments. Through the analysis of the operating parameters of the designed combined system, the following conclusions were drawn: With the increase of the inlet temperature of the hot fluid, the flow rate of treated mine water shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the Coefficient of Performance shows a downward trend. With the increase of the superheated temperature of working fluid at the inlet of compressor, the flow rate of treated mine water and coefficient of performance remain unchanged. Based on the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-Ⅱ) optimization algorithm, under the given structural parameters of the membrane distillation system, the optimal performance is obtained. On the premise of meeting the cooling capacity of 3.5 MW, the flow rate of treated mine water is 0.92 kg/s, and the value of ε_R is 5.81. Meanwhile, with the increase of cooling capacity, the flow rate of treated mine water shows a linear growth trend, while the value of coefficient of performance remains unchanged. For the case of Pansan Mine, compared with the in-situ refrigeration and distillation method and the in-situ refrigeration and ground membrane distillation method, the designed system can save at least 50% of the energy consumption of the compressor while achieving the same cooling capacity and the flow rate of treated mine water, which could cut down the annual operating cost by around 32%.