Abstract: In deep rock mass engineering, the stability of rock mass under medium and high strain rate disturbance is often faced. The strength criterion is the basis for solving engineering problems. From the perspective of energy, the dynamic energy strength criterion of the material is derived theoretically by using the distortion energy that causes the shape change as the criterion for the failure of coal and rock materials, and the dynamic failure mechanism of rock is revealed. The dynamic energy strength criterion is introduced to describe the material damage, and the dynamic statistical damage constitutive relation of material is established. The applicability of strength criterion and constitutive relation is analyzed and verified. The results show that: The plastic failure of coal and rock materials is controlled by the distortion energy. When the loading rate is constant, the distortion energy required for material failure is the smallest and the strength is the lowest under the unidirectional stress state. With the increase of confining pressure, the distortion energy required for material failure increases and the strength increases. When the confining pressure is constant, the distortion energy required for material failure increases with the increase of strain rate. According to the dynamic energy strength criterion, the internal energy of the material is slowly accumulated during static loading, and the distortion energy just reaches the required energy threshold when the material is destroyed. During dynamic loading, the internal energy of the material accumulates rapidly, and the distortion energy is greater than the required energy threshold when the material is destroyed, and the explosive dynamic damage occurs. When the unloading disturbance occurs, the strength of the material and the energy required for failure are reduced. The energy that is not enough to cause failure may reach the failure energy threshold, and the engineering rock mass is prone to unloading failure. The average theoretical fitting degree of the dynamic stress-strain curve of coal specimens can reach more than 96%, indicating that the established dynamic constitutive relation is suitable for describing the stress-strain relation of materials under dynamic load. There is a strong correlation between the fitting parameters in the constitutive relation, and the fitting parameters change exponentially with the change of strain rate, and the fitting degree of the theoretical curve is mainly determined by the parameters m and φ_b. The research conclusions can provide reference for the study of dynamic mechanical properties of coal and rock materials.