Abstract: Drilling engineering serves as a crucial guarantee for the safe and efficient extraction of deep coal resources in underground coal mine, directly serves the construction of the mine geological transparency system and the advanced exploration and precise prevention and control of geological disasters such as gas outbursts, water hazards, and rockbursts. However, traditional drilling technology systems face challenges including insufficient perception of complex geological environments in deep coal mines, delayed response to abnormal conditions, low trajectory control accuracy, and high safety risks, making them difficult to meet the urgent demands of intelligent construction in deep mines. Therefore, based on an in-depth analysis of the key technological challenges of intelligent drilling, this approach focuses on breaking through technical bottlenecks such as reliable perception and real-time transmission of multi-source information in extreme environments, intelligent dynamic optimization of drilling strategies, precise execution of drilling actions, and intelligent identification and rapid response to safety risks. It proposes the overall architecture of an intelligent drilling system for geological guarantee in deep coal mining, clarifies the component modules and key attribute characteristics, which laying a solid foundation for safe and efficient drilling under deep and complex geological condition.Core equipment layer: integrates intelligent drill rigs, intelligent drilling tools, intelligent detection instruments, and intelligent auxiliary machines, forming the physical foundation of the intelligent drilling system. Intelligent control layer: spans the entire process from intelligent perception and interpretation of complex geological conditions to intelligent decision-making. It integrates high-precision sensors and artificial intelligence algorithms, driving the transformation of coal mine underground drilling operations from experience-driven to knowledge-data-driven. Key process layer: serves as the core carrier of the intelligent drilling system, aiming to solve the adaptability of drilling processes to deep complex geological conditions and extreme working environments. It includes intelligent rotary drilling processes and intelligent directional drilling processes. Collaborative operation layer: promotes multi-machine group collaborative operation and cross-system intelligent linkage by building a digital twin model of the drilling process and geological environment, and enabling coordination with the production system. Focusing on comprehensively improving the reliability, overall efficiency, and safety of the deep intelligent drilling system, this approach proposes the development of highly reliable equipment, precise perception and intelligent interpretation technology for complex geological information, large-capacity low-latency data transmission technology, and multi-objective collaborative control technology. These advancements aim to promote the development of coal mine underground drilling operations towards unmanned operation, precision, and inherent safety, thereby ensuring the safe, intelligent, and highly efficient mining of deep coal resources.