刚柔混联式煤仓清理机器人耦合运动学与工作空间研究

Research on the coupling kinematics and workspace of rigid-flexible hybrid coal bunker cleaning robot

  • 摘要: 煤仓堵塞问题严重影响了煤炭的正常运输效率,人工清理煤仓堵塞劳动强度大、事故频发且性质恶劣,为此,提出了一种刚柔混联式煤仓清理机器人构型方案,并开展煤仓清理机器人耦合运动学建模与工作空间研究。首先,提出了一级柔索驱动并联机构+二级清理机械臂的刚柔混联式煤仓清理机器人方案,详述了煤仓清理机器人的功能及协同工作原理。其次,建立了刚柔混联式煤仓清理机器人的耦合运动学模型,针对运动学逆解的多解性和复杂性,引入具备全局搜索能力的遗传算法实现高效求解。然后,建立了刚柔混联式煤仓清理机器人静力学模型,通过考虑煤仓内部结构及机器人清理过程中柔索长度、柔索拉力限制和防碰撞等约束条件,构建并求解了该机器人的力封闭工作空间,并提出了2个工作空间质量评价指标:工作空间覆盖率和构型灵活度。最后,对刚柔混联式煤仓清理机器人耦合运动学模型和工作空间进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明:针对期望轨迹求解的逆运动学结果,经正运动学仿真验证,所得末端轨迹与期望轨迹高度一致,体现了逆解方法的可靠性;工作空间量化分析揭示该机器人力封闭工作空间覆盖率较高,且未覆盖区域集中于非堵塞高发区的煤仓进煤口;对机器人构型灵活工作空间深入剖析发现,在煤仓中心区域,机器人具备高灵活度,即使随着位置下降,其灵活度有所降低,但依然能够满足基本作业要求。因此,刚柔混联式煤仓清理机器人在结构设计、运动学性能及工作空间上具备潜在适用性,为煤仓清理作业提供了更可靠、高效的解决方案。

     

    Abstract: Coal bunker blockages severely affect transportation efficiency, while manual cleaning poses high labor intensity, frequent accidents, and significant safety risks. To address these issues, a rigid-flexible hybrid coal bunker cleaning robot is proposed, and the research focuses on the coupled kinematic model and the generation of the workspace for the robot. Firstly, the rigid-flexible hybrid coal bunker cleaning robot, which integrates a primary cable-driven parallel mechanism with a secondary cleaning manipulator, is proposed. Secondly, the coupled kinematic model for the robot is established, and a genetic algorithm with global search capabilities is introduced to resolve the multi-solution and complex nature of the inverse kinematics of the robot. Subsequently, the force-enclosed workspace for the rigid-flexible hybrid coal bunker cleaning robot is constructed and generated considering the constraints such as coal bunker geometry, cable length limits, tension thresholds, and collision prevention, and furthermore, two workspace quality indicators are proposed for the robot: the workspace coverage rate and configuration flexibility. Finally, the proposed coupled kinematic model and workspace of the rigid-flexible hybrid coal bunker cleaning robot are analyzed through simulation. The results demonstrated that the inverse kinematics solutions for the desired trajectory, when validated via forward kinematics simulation, yielded end-effector trajectories that closely matched the desired ones, thereby confirming the reliability of the inverse solution method. Quantitative workspace analysis reveals that the force-enclosed workspace of the robot achieves high coverage in critical blockage-prone zones, with uncovered areas primarily concentrated in non-critical regions such as the bunker inlet. In-depth analysis of the configuration flexibility space demonstrates optimal configuration flexibility in the central bunker region. While flexibility decreases with descending operational position, it remains sufficient to meet basic task requirements. As a result, the proposed rigid-flexible hybrid coal bunker cleaning robot exhibits potential applicability in structural design, kinematic characteristics, and workspace coverage, offering a more reliable and efficient solution for the automated cleaning of coal bunker blockages.

     

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