Abstract: With the westward shift of the focus of coal mining, the Jurassic coalfield in the northern Ordos Basin has become an important energy security base in China. However, high-intensity mining of coal resources may cause great damage to the ecological environment (especially groundwater resources) in the region. To understand the destructive laws of coal mining on the groundwater system, it is necessary to clarify the hydrogeological conditions such as the replenishment, drainage, and renewal capacity of groundwater in coal mining areas. Based on the topography, coal seam burial, and overlying rock structure of the study area, combined with the impact of coal mining disturbance on the roof aquifer, radioactive isotope tritium in groundwater at different burial depths was collected and detected. The historical data of precipitation tritium concentration in the study area were restored using logarithmic interpolation method and other methods, and the groundwater renewal rate in the study area was calculated using the updated rate model proposed by Shalle et al. The research results indicate that the groundwater in the shallow buried area mainly comes from Quaternary groundwater and Jurassic groundwater, with a tritium concentration value of 8.60-16.20 TU, which is close to the tritium concentration in atmospheric rainfall and surface water. The annual average renewal rate of groundwater in the shallow buried area is between 0.47%/a and 3.89%/a, reflecting that the groundwater in the shallow buried area is mainly supplied by atmospheric rainfall and surface water, with abundant replenishment, short transport path, fast renewal rate, and strong capacity. The groundwater in the medium deep buried area comes from Yan’an Formation and Zhiluo Formation of the Jurassic system, with a tritium concentration value of 7.53-15.55 TU, which is similar to the groundwater in the shallow buried area. The tritium concentration at Z1 and Z2 points are higher than most of the groundwater in the shallow buried area. The calculated groundwater renewal rate is between 0.35%/a and 3.28%/a, which is close to the groundwater in the shallow buried area. This is mainly due to the hydrogeological structure developed in the Yushen medium deep buried coalfield area, where the Jurassic groundwater renewal rate is faster. The water in the deep buried area comes from Yan’an Formation and Zhiluo Formation of Cretaceous and Jurassic periods, with tritium concentration values at or below 12.20 TU, all lower than the tritium values in the medium deep buried area (except for point N4). The groundwater renewal rate in the deep buried area is generally less than 0.05%/a, mainly due to the large burial depth of the groundwater in the deep buried area. In addition, Jurassic strata have a sandstone mudstone interbedded structure, and the groundwater recharge process is long, with slow infiltration recharge, resulting in a much lower renewal rate of the water in the deep buried area than that in the medium deep buried area. The tritium concentration and renewal rate of groundwater in space decrease with the increase of water level burial depth. In areas where the coal seam burial depth is large and the direct water filling aquifer groundwater renewal rate is small within the water conducting fracture zone, the impact of coal mining on the groundwater resources of the overlying Quaternary and Cretaceous aquifers is relatively small, and it belongs to the hydrogeological guarantee area that meets the requirements of green coal mining. This study calculated the renewal rate of groundwater at different depths in the Jurassic coalfields of the northern Ordos Basin, providing a scientific basis for green coal mining and ecological environment protection in the western region.