煤矿井下非全断面掘进移机路径规划方法研究

Research on the planning method of non-full section tunneling path of boom-type roadheader in underground coal mine

  • 摘要: 非全断面掘进是当前煤矿井下巷道掘进的主要方式,其作业过程严重依赖人工操作,受井下恶劣环境、视野受限及狭长巷道空间约束影响,为进一步实现非全断面掘进自动化、智能化带来了挑战。掘进装备的移机控制是实现非全断面掘进自主作业的核心,而解决移机路径规划问题是实现自主移机控制的前提。为此,提出了一种融合碰撞预测的非全断面掘进的移机路径规划方法,实现狭长巷道空间中掘进装备的安全路径规划。首先,从掘进工艺出发,将自主掘进过程分为掘进航迹运动、自主移机和自主截割3个阶段,形成完整的非全断面掘进自主作业流程,制定了非全断面掘进自主移机路径规划的总体方案;其次,根据该自主作业流程进行了非全断面掘进自主移机的路径设计,建立了截割位置点与截割成形面积之间的映射模型,确定截割位置停车点;然后,根据巷道设计先验信息构建巷道数学模型,设计巷道与掘进机的复合人工势场,建立掘进机机身位姿驱动下的碰撞预测模型,实现掘进机实时碰撞预测;进一步的,引入该碰撞预测模型设计分段加权启发函数,并采用贝塞尔曲线对拐点进行平滑处理,实现掘进机的安全路径规划。仿真结果表明:该方法能够适应不同的巷道参数进行路径点计算,路径规划过程平均用时0.135 s。相比于原有算法,路径长度平均缩短了0.3271 m,运行时间缩短了0.2462 s,且路径未发生碰撞。最后,模拟巷道环境搭建路径跟踪实验验证方法的有效性。实验结果表明:规划路径与跟踪结果一致,最大跟踪误差不超过0.056 m,实现了非全断面掘进的安全路径规划。融合碰撞预测的非全断面掘进的自主移机路径规划方法,能够有效解决狭长巷道空间的路径规划问题,为进一步的开展自主截割作业奠定基础。

     

    Abstract: At present, non-full section tunnelling is the main way of underground roadway tunnelling in coal mine. Its operation process relies heavily on manual operation, and is affected by the harsh underground environment, limited vision and narrow and long roadway space constraints, which brings challenges to further realizing the automation and intelligence of non-full section tunnelling. The moving control of driving equipment is the core of realizing the autonomous operation of non-full section driving, and solving the problem of moving path planning is the premise of realizing the autonomous moving control. Here, a moving path planning method for non-full section tunnelling with collision forecast is proposed to realize safe path planning of roadheader in narrow roadway space. Firstly, starting from the tunnelling technology, the autonomous driving process is divided into three stages: driving track movement, autonomous shifting and autonomous cutting, forming a complete autonomous operating process of non-full section tunnelling, and developing the overall plan of the path planning of non-full section tunnelling, autonomous shifting. Secondly, according to the autonomous work flow, the path design of the non-full section driving machine is carried out, the mapping model between the cutting position and the cutting forming area is established, and the stopping point of the cutting position is determined. Then, according to the prior information of roadway design, the mathematical model of roadway is constructed, the composite artificial potential field of roadway and roadheader is designed, and the collision prediction model driven by the position and pose of roadheader is established to realize the real-time collision prediction of roadheader. Further, the collision prediction model is introduced to design the segmenting weighted heurism function, and the inflection point of Bezier curve is used to smooth the process, so as to realize the safe path planning of the roadheader. The simulation results show that the proposed method can adapt to different roadway parameters for path point calculation, and the average time of path planning process is 0.135 s. Compared with the original algorithm, the path length is shortened by 0.3271 m on average, the running time is shortened by 0.2462 s, and the path collision does not occur. Finally, a path tracking experiment is built to simulate the tunnel environment to verify the effectiveness of the method. The experimental results show that the trend of the planned path is consistent with the tracking results, and the maximum tracking error is less than 0.056 m, which realizes the safe path planning of non-full section tunnelling. The autonomous moving machine path planning method of non-full section driving combined with collision prediction can effectively solve the path planning problem of narrow roadway space and lay a technical foundation for autonomous cutting.

     

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