Abstract: Against the backdrop of “energy conservation and carbon reduction” and diversified development of coal, the total coal production has continued to grow in recent years, but the growth rate has significantly slowed down. The large amount of coal gangue generated in the coal production process has had an undeniable impact on the development of the coal industry. On the one hand, its massive accumulation not only causes waste of land resources, but also puts enormous pressure on the environment; On the other hand, considering the current energy structure in China, the production/stock of coal gangue remains high, and the valuable components abundant in coal gangue have not been fully developed and utilized. In order to achieve the resource utilization of coal gangue and reduce its pollution to the environment, and to address the problems in the resource utilization and high-value utilization of coal gangue, analyze factors such as the origin, composition characteristics, regional features, and upstream and downstream industrial structure of coal gangue. Elaborate on the theoretical basis, technological status, and practical application of coal gangue in energy, thermal energy, element recovery, chemical industry, building materials, ecological restoration, and filling. Especially for the central, western, and northwestern regions where coal production has become increasingly popular in recent years, taking into account issues such as ecological environment, industrial foundation, and transportation radius, a new high-value utilization model for all components of coal gangue resources is proposed, which combines whole component, ecological, and ultimately involves extracting valuable elements underground filling ecological restoration and reclamation. In order to achieve high-value and clean utilization of coal gangue resources, improve the comprehensive utilization rate of coal gangue, and alleviate the country's energy pressure.