Abstract: With the expansion of coal mining subsidence area, the construction land of mining city is increasingly tight, and the anti-deformation technology of buildings is an important measure to solve the problem of construction and utilization of coal mining subsidence area. However, due to the complex and changeable geological conditions in coal mining subsidence area, the extremely complex influence law of surface deformation on buildings and the various forms of building structures, the application of building anti-deformation technology had fluctuated. Firstly, the surface deformation characteristics of coal mining subsidence area, the classification of the impact of surface deformation on buildings, the interaction mechanism between foundation and building, the constitutive model of soil-structure interface, the mechanical model of soil-foundation-structure interaction, the achievements and key technical progress of building anti-deformation technology and engineering application examples are reviewed. The principle and technical application of building deformation resistance are analyzed. Then, it summarizes the difficulties and challenges facing the current building deformation resistance technology: The accuracy of surface subsidence prediction model needs to be improved; The mechanism of soil-foundation-structure interaction in coal mining subsidence area is not clear. The mechanical and deformation characteristics of foundation filling materials can not meet the requirements of foundation soil for engineering construction. The effects of foundation type, foundation stiffness and structure on structural deformation resistance need to be further studied. Improvement and development of new building deformation resistance technology for structural energy dissipation and absorption of surface deformation. Finally, a set of research and design methods based on the research and development of physical simulation test platform, the law and mechanism of deformation resistance of frame structure, the mechanical model of joint action, the deformation resistance technology of frame structure and the adaptive deformation technology are put forward for the difficulties and challenges faced by the application of deformation-resistant technology of China’s buildings at the present stage.