李全生, 许亚玲, 李军, 等. 采矿对植被变化的影响提取与生态累积效应量化分析[J]. 煤炭学报, 2022, 47(6): 2420-2434. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2021.1296
引用本文: 李全生, 许亚玲, 李军, 等. 采矿对植被变化的影响提取与生态累积效应量化分析[J]. 煤炭学报, 2022, 47(6): 2420-2434. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2021.1296
LI Quansheng, XU Yaling, LI Jun, et al. Extraction of the impact of mining on vegetation changes and quantitative analysis of ecological cumulative effects[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2022, 47(6): 2420-2434. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2021.1296
Citation: LI Quansheng, XU Yaling, LI Jun, et al. Extraction of the impact of mining on vegetation changes and quantitative analysis of ecological cumulative effects[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2022, 47(6): 2420-2434. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2021.1296

采矿对植被变化的影响提取与生态累积效应量化分析

Extraction of the impact of mining on vegetation changes and quantitative analysis of ecological cumulative effects

  • 摘要: 为将采矿活动和其他因素产生的生态扰动分离开,揭示采矿活动单独对植被的影响规律和特性,基于长时序多源数据提出了提取采矿干扰的两阶段法TS-EMD(Two Stage-Extracting Mining Disturbance),并定义了采矿活动对植被覆盖度的扰动量FVC-MD(Fractional Vegetation Cover-Mining Disturbance)。首先,利用采矿前的长时序遥感、气候气象、社会经济等数据构建植被变化的驱动过程模型;然后,利用上述模型预测无采矿活动条件下的植被演变过程,进而与遥感监测的采矿活动背景下实际的植被演变进行对比计算FVC-MD。以内蒙古胜利矿区为研究区开展实验,量化分析了胜利矿区煤炭开采对植被覆盖度的扰动时空特征,揭示了采矿扰动量存在3个主要特性:① 距离衰减特性。高扰动多集中在矿坑附近,离矿坑越远扰动程度越低,扰动量与到矿坑的距离呈显著的对数关系;② 方向异质性。煤炭开采对植被覆盖度的扰动量在不同方向上具有显著的差异,地形是产生方向异质性的主要原因;③ 空间累积效应。2个矿之间位置尽管离2个矿都有一定距离,但由于叠加影响导致中间位置存在高扰动区,且高扰动区范围随着时间推移在扩张。实验结果验证了TS-EMD方法在一定程度上能够解决从矿区植被变化的多因素耦合影响中单独提取并量化煤炭开采影响的问题,为矿区生态环境保护与修复活动决策提供理论数据支撑。

     

    Abstract: This study is to separate the ecological disturbances caused by mining activities and other factors,and to reveal the patterns and characteristics of the impact of mining activities on vegetation alone.A two-stage method TS-EMD(Two Stage-Extracting Mining Disturbance)is proposed to extract mining disturbance based on long-time series multi-source data,and the disturbance to FVC(Fractional Vegetation Cover)from mine activities is defined as FVC-MD(Fractional Vegetation Cover-Mining Disturbance).Firstly,the driving model of pre-mining remote sensing data,meteorological data,socio-economic data and the FVC is constructed.The above model was used to predict the FVC under no mining activity conditions and then compared to the true FVC in the context of remotely monitored mining activity to calculate the FVC-MD.Taking the Sheng-Li Mining Area in Inner Mongolia as the research area,the temporal and spatial characteristics of mining disturbance on fractional vegetation cover were quantitatively analyzed.The results show that:① Distance attenuation characteristics:high disturbances are mostly concentrated near the mining pit.The farther away from the pit,the lower the disturbance degree is.There is a significant logarithmic relationship between the FVC-MD and the distance to the pit.② Directional heterogeneity:the FVC-MD has significant differences in different directions,and the topography is the main reason for the directional heterogeneity.③ Spatial cumulative effect:although there is a certain distance between the two mines,there is a high disturbance zone in the middle position due to the superposition influence,and the range of the high disturbance zone is expanding over time.The experimental results verify that the TS-EMD method can solve the problem of extracting and quantifying the impacts of coal mining on vegetation from the multi-factor coupling effects to a certain extent,and it has important practical significance and application prospect in supporting the decision-making of ecological environment protection and restoration activities in mining areas.

     

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